India is one of the largest economies not only in Asia but also in the world and is the second largest country in terms of population. The country, which considers itself the watchdog of Asia, is currently facing several internal problems. Sometimes issues with minorities become the subject of international media, sometimes the situation in Kashmir and sometimes the month-long farmers' march and protest.
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Corona virus has been detrimental to the world's economies by 2020. India has also failed to meet its economic targets, with a growth rate of 5.9 percent last year, according to a United Nations report.
The agriculture sector has been protesting for many years. So far, thousands of farmers have lost their lives due to economic hardships. His family was still hoping for help from the government of the day. Negotiations took place, farmers were persuaded and returned to their homes, but the latest 'Delhi Cholo' protests, which started last month, have so far claimed many lives but the farmers have not stopped Coming
In India, as in Pakistan, the agricultural sector is of great importance. According to CNN India, 50% of Indian jobs are in agriculture. Ranjit Singh Ghman writes in his research paper that the agricultural sector in Punjab has grown rapidly since 1960 and good agricultural production has made India one of the most self-sufficient countries in the world. Punjab in particular has produced more commodities than the country needs, which has now become a major export industry.
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What is the problem of Indian farmers?
The sector, which accounts for 23% of India's GDP, has taken to the streets and thousands of people have set out on foot, tractors and trolleys for Delhi during the harsh winter days. On the one hand, the Haryana administration did not allow Jim Ghafir to enter Delhi, on the other hand, the administration's baton charge, tear gas and water cannon continued, but all these measures could not control him and he eventually crossed the Delhi border. At the protest site, they encamped on the Sanghu border, 200 km from Ram Leela Ground.
In the third week of September, the government introduced three bills in the Rajya Sabha on agrarian reform, two of which were passed. The government was quick to pass the bill in the Rajya Sabha even though it had a majority there. The opposition still wanted to discuss them further but the bills were passed despite strong protests from the opposition. Opposition parties also met with the President and urged him not to sign the laws, but the President did not respect his opinion and signed the draft of new reforms.
The sector, which accounts for 23% of India's GDP, has taken to the streets. Photo: Reuters
What's new in these 3 agrarian reforms?
Basically, these 3 bills have tried to change the method of agricultural markets and have included private companies in the system of agricultural markets. Due to the government's involvement in the existing market system, farmers were at least getting better compensation for their crops, while in the government's view, the new law could benefit more from free markets. According to the bill:
New methods of selling agricultural commodities, fixed prices and storage rules have been formulated.
Under the law, private parties will have the freedom to buy crops outside the market.
In addition, it is clearly stated that the private party can force the farmer to grow only his fixed crop.
Why are Indian farmers worried?
The government says it is setting up free markets so that farmers can benefit more from it, but farmers are mainly worried because they think that when private companies buy and store crops outside the market. If they do, the farmers will not be able to get the fruits of their labor.
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Farmers believe that the big companies will not pay the farmers a fixed price but they will be forced to sell the crop at the fixed prices of these companies. Farmers fear that large industrial groups such as Advani and Ambani will benefit from the new reforms. That is why more than 20 farmers' organizations are currently protesting and opposition parties are also seen standing with the farmers.
Farmers believe that their basic right is to put their own price in the market. Talk to the buyer about it and persuade him to pay the price you set. The protest, which began on November 25, is still firmly in line with its demands.
"The protest has now taken the form of a major movement," says K Pandey, a local journalist in Delhi. The hasty agrarian reforms in the Indian Assembly in September were initially rejected by Punjab farmers and they tried to record their protest at the local level. But when it was not heard, several farmers' organizations announced to march to Delhi. We saw that not only Punjab but also the farming community of Haryana became a part of this protest. Now women, men and old and children, these farmers have closed the three routes to Delhi.
Reasons for failed negotiations between the government and farmers
At the beginning of the protest, there were several failed talks between the government and the farmers, but the government is sticking to its word and the farmers are also refusing to accept the law. The government says the protests should end and N should be listened to. According to the Modi government, these laws are a gift to the farmers and will improve the situation of the farmers.
So far, more than six negotiating sessions have been convened without any result. Farmers have been accusing the government of trying to put pressure on them. Amit Shah arranged a meeting with the farmers after the farmers called for a nationwide wheel jam strike. But the farmers were not satisfied with what he said and the farmers refused to trust Amit Shah. Since then, government Minister for Agriculture Narendra Singh Tomar has started a new series of letters to reach out to farmers, but due to lack of trust on both sides, the deadlock remains.
When no progress was made at the government level on the protracted protests, the Indian Supreme Court had to go ahead and urge the government to listen to the farmers and make the talks fruitful.
According to Al Jazeera, on December 16, the Indian Supreme Court said that the court forms a committee to facilitate both. Chief Justice SA Bobde, Justice Bopanna and Justice Rama Subramania said they could form a dialogue panel between the farmers and the government to end the deadlock.
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The Indian Supreme Court has also offered to form a committee to negotiate.
It is happening that when farmers go to meet Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar, he speaks his mind but the farmers are not listened to.
Public opinion is also with the farmers because the general opinion is that the government decides from above and the locals are not taken into confidence.
Irfan Nooruddin is the director of the South Asian Center, Atlantic Council, Washington. Speaking to The Christian Monitor, Irfan said, "Whether it is the ban on banknotes, the Kashmir issue or the citizenship law, the people are concerned that the government has not included in its decision those who abide by these laws." Were directly affected. It has eroded public confidence in the government.
Yogendra Yadav of Haryana has been associated with the farmers' movement for a long time. He has been Professor of Political Science at Punjab University, Chhattisgarh and is the author of several books. He entered the political arena in 2011 and joined the Aam Aadmi Party but soon said goodbye. On April 14, 2015, he founded two political and social parties. One is Swaraj Abhiyan and the other is Jay Kisan Andolan.
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Even in 2018, the farmers had turned to Delhi and even then the farmers were committing suicide the next day to get out of the debt burden. Yogendra Yadav said at the time that 300,000 farmers had lost their lives in 20 years. Even then, the only demand of the farmers was for the waiver of agricultural loans and the passage of the agrarian reform bill in the National Assembly, which called for fair and better compensation for their crops.
Yogendra Yadav has emerged as a clear and loud voice of the farmers 'movement and this protest even today and he has been trying his best to convey the main objectives and issues of the farmers' protest to the media from day one. He has repeatedly said on his Facebook account, "Today's farmer does not want to make his child a farmer. Why? Everyone should think about it together.
"We have decided that we will not back down from our demands," Yogendra told NDTV last week. We appeal to the people to give up one meal for us and understand the pain of the farmer.
Addressing the Modi government, Yogendra said, "When the Prime Minister speaks his mind on December 27, we will play the drums." Why? Because brother farmer is ready to listen to your mind. We farmers say who will listen to our 'mind'. Yogendra also said, "Is the suffering of 150 million farmers greater or the nose of a government?"