What is dark matter and dark energy? Dark matter and dark energy both are related to each other. So let's go deep about dark matter and dark energy.
Scientists continue to conduct research and experiments for new discoveries. So what is dark energy? Based on these experiments, scientists say that 85% of the invisible matter in the universe is called dark energy, which contains dark matter. And dark energy are both involved. According to experts, only 5% of our universe can be seen through all terrestrial devices. So far all the experiments that have been done to capture the dark matter have failed. Three unusual experiments have been performed to capture it.
Dark matter and dark energy |
In the first experiment, 3 tons of liquid xenon will be pumped into a reservoir about a mile away, which is south of the former gold mine underground. Located in Dakota. This chemical-filled pool is designed to capture the hinges that have not yet been captured. But they do not know the amount of this particle.
The nature of this invisible matter in the universe is still a mystery, and all attempts so far to capture it have failed.
The experiment was funded by the DOE (Department of Education) and NSF (National Science Foundation), named LZ. The particle has not been captured by scientists for the past 30 years. Called LUX, it failed to achieve its desired goal.
After spending more than ten years and a lot of money, they could not get any results. Gravity is insufficient to keep this mass of dust in one place. Therefore, there must be some invisible matter whose gravity is holding this cluster together, which is called dark matter.
Forty years later, Verarobin and Kentford observed observations of the stars (suns) between the spiral galaxies that stars near the center arm of galaxies and stars far away from the center rotate together. This means that both types of stars have the same pressure on this substance. Some time ago, scientists obtained a picture of two colliding galaxies called bullet cluster, which is due to the extreme gravity. The light turns on.
All these observations strongly prove the existence of dark matter but its nature is still a mystery. At the physicist, Scully, who is a spokeswoman for the experiment with the capture of another dark meter, says that the dark matter is a hope. The experiment has been dubbed the super CDMS snolab.
According to experts, we know that it is the force of gravity that caused the evolution of our universe after the great explosion of the Big Bang. Extra-gravity, created by the particles of the dark matter, was essential to the construction of such a structure as we see it today. Evidence of this is in the form of tons.
Dark matter and dark energy |
Of the four basic natural forces, only gravity is the only force. The dark meter does not react with electromagnetic force, hence it is called a dark meter, nor could it be easily observed. There is no process that holds the nucleus of the atom in one place (otherwise we would all die) because the atom would not be strong.
The only surviving wave is the weak nuclear force, through which the sub-atomic particles interact with each other and the atoms perish. The grip we are experimenting with is called a three-legged stool, the first leg of which is a direct discovery made of dark matter.
They are also trying to imitate the big bang by hitting two high energy g protons in the lidar of CERN Large Hadron when all the atomic particles went through the moment of their creation. Dark Matter Particle Features They are completely unaware of this, so they are trying to figure out how much their devices need to find out.
Weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, became famous when theoretical physicists noticed that if they were 100 times more than a proton created in the Big Bang moment, mass density. Today, their total density is estimated to be equal to all the dark matter in the universe, which will be called "WIMP miracle". will tell density.
Kashmin says that this model is just a coincidence but it is recommended and that is why we are looking for these WIMPs, because they will be complete and spotless. Both LZ and SuperCDMS are designed to detect WIMPs. In both experiments, two very different methods will be used, so that the maximum quantities can be measured. SuperCDMS will be tested at the end of 2020.
The experiment will be performed at an Ontario nickel mine 6,800 feet below the ground. Initial experiments will use four towers, each with six detectors, made of silicon germanium crystal and jinn. Will also try to feel the dark matter. 30 towers will be built to take this experiment to the next level.
According to experts, if a WIMP also collides with a single detector, theoretically it will create vibrations in the crystal lattice of the electron which will be repeated again and again with additional force. These additional signals will be captured by the sensors. Researchers will be aware of this, even the slightest interference, which is called "Physical Noise". Researchers will have to be very cautious.
The temperature of the sensors is to be kept cool to minus 450 degrees Fahrenheit, to avoid vibration and to create a shield on the building to protect it from cosmic radiation particles from outer space that our planet receives. Scientists say that according to the plan for the next 10 years, Super CMDS will be made so sensitive that it will be able to detect new trainees.
These are particles that do not have any kind of negative charge and their quantity is negligible, because they are made up of radioactive units which are caused by a nuclear reaction in the sun.
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On the other side of the WIMP series, LZ will target from a few protons to ten thousand protons. The experiment will include 10 tons of thin xenon (a quarter of the world's annual supply) and a 5-foot cylinder of Russian-made titanium from all sides, placed in 70,000 gallons of water that will absorb all gamma rays. ۔ It is hoped that when a dark matter particle is activated by xenon it will generate light and electric charge.
When researchers are aware of the first light flicker, the electric charge will go up almost to the top, where these 500 sensitivity sensors will detect it. With these two signals, researchers will be able to calculate the energy generated by its initial collision and its location. The location of the collision is crucial, determining whether the signal was generated by noise outside the container or between the pure xenon of the container.
Where scientists believe that only dark matter can reach. Like SuperCDMS, LZ also faces a major challenge in avoiding environmental and radiation noise. According to experts, the biggest difference between LZ's current and previous experience is that it uses 30 times more xenon than its predecessor.
Gulkrez says the most important thing to understand is where the sources of radiation are. The experiment has to take extraordinary steps even for thousands of small matters, the most important of which is to protect yourself from Kohawa.
Another XENON project in Italy and PandaX-II in China are also working on the discovery of WIMP in thin Xenon. When LZ moves forward in 2020, scientists around the world will be eager to hear the signal of this discovery. If we succeed in an experiment, we try to build a bigger laboratory for it in the next step.
But despite projects like LZ and SuperCDMS, the best opportunities are still expected from WIMP, because it It will be better than all the previous experiments and so far the previous experiments with Large Hadron with Lider and Xenon have proved to be fruitless, so now all the experts have been drawn towards WIMP.
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The University of Washington scientist says that I would not be surprised if I get WIMP in LZ and SuperCDMS. She is doing another project on the contrary.
Named the ADMX G2. The Exxon Dark Meter Experiment G2 will be tested at the University of Washington. Pesai and Helen Quinn theorized in 1970 that the Exxon would be a fraction of a trillion times the mass of an electron. Such a weak particle has been called "invisible". Instead of WIMPs, it would take a long time to transform into two photons in the process of its extinction, which would be much longer than the age of our universe. Exxon's theory was introduced 30 years ago.
Although the three projects will investigate different hypothetical particles, Rosenberg says it is possible that dark matter may have WIMPs and particles other than Exxon. Scientists think that one day we may even find that the dark matter is a mixture of both WIMP and Exxon. Exxon is the smallest particle. While in the second experiment we will find a huge amount.
The methods of the two experiments are very different from each other and the two are looking at different places. A new era of research will begin in SuperCDMX and LZ where WIMP will be explored. Scientists are trying to figure out what is the substance that made up the bulk of the universe and what was once considered a fictitious particle.