Many people may have heard that our universe is expanding, but in the 1990s, experts were about to make a discovery that would lead to a revolution in the field of astronomy. Before this discovery, experts knew that this universe The Big Bang came from the beginning of the rapid expansion of matter and energy, and it was thought that today, more than 13 billion years later, its spread should slow down, but the results are few. The 1998 discovery was made by an international team of astronomers, including the American astrophysicist Dr. Adam Race, the Australian astrophysicist Dr. Brian Schmidt and Dr. Civil Perlmutter.
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| Why is our universe is expanding? |
The scientists were examining the light coming from a type of supernova, called a supernova type one A. When a giant star reaches its end of life, it explodes in a powerful explosion and into space. It expands the matter inside it, after which new stars are born from the same matter and this explosion is called supernova in astronomical terms.
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There are two types, including Type One A and Type 2. In Supernova Type 2, a star 8 times larger than our Sun explodes and later becomes a neutron star or black hole, while in Type One A, stars Has a pair of dwarf stars, while its companion can be any other star.
When the second star reaches its end of life, the dwarf star begins to pull matter from its surface, and when the amount of matter in this dwarf star is 1.4 times greater than our Sun, this dwarf star explodes violently. It is believed that the famous scientist Edwin Hubble first discovered in 1929 that the universe is expanding and since then many scientific theories have been proved wrong, keeping in mind the same cosmic expansion. Experts offer the following three views:
1- Decrease in the expansion of the universe: If the expansion of the universe decreases with time, then the light of this supernova obtained with the help of mathematics will increase.
2- Expansion of the universe at a certain speed: If the universe is expanding at a certain speed, then the light of the supernova will be equal to the calculated light.
3- Acceleration of the expansion of the universe: If the expansion of the universe is accelerating, then the light of the supernova will be less than the light obtained by calculation.
The world team first used mathematics to find out how far this supernova is from Earth at the moment. According to this calculation, how much light should reach the earth, and when it was viewed through large binoculars, the amount of light coming in was less than the calculated amount. Experts were surprised to see this and thought that maybe some kind of telescope There is an error, which is why the data is going wrong, but when the telescope was turned to another supernova of the same type, it was found that this data was not a defect in the telescope, but a startling discovery. ۔
Little did these experts know at the time that they had made a discovery that would cause astonishment in the field of astronomy. This experiment proved to be the third of these three ideas, according to which the expansion of the universe I'm getting faster with time, but now it was worth noting that in general we see that if there is an explosion, the speed of matter dissipates with time, and if the Big Bang theory that is right The majority of scientists are found in it. If we look at it, according to it, the Big Bang is called the massive expansion (explosion) of the universe from the starting point, then today, after more than 13 billion years, the expansion of the universe has decreased. Should have happened when it was not seen.
So the question is, what is it that is accelerating the expansion of the universe?
To understand this, these experts coined another term, called "dark energy" in astronomy. It should be noted that in astronomy, if the word "dark" is used with anything, it means Science does not know much about this thing, nor has it ever been observed, but its effects can be seen everywhere in the universe. The effects of dark energy can be seen in the rapid expansion of the universe. Yes, then a question comes to mind that if there is dark energy and the universe is expanding then why the sun has not gone away from the earth in billions of years? Or why are the stars still present in galaxies?
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We also hear that our Milky Way galaxy and neighboring galaxy Andromeda are approaching, so how true is that? The simple answer is that Andromeda's approach to our galaxy is just as real. As far as cosmic expansion is concerned with dark energy, there has always been a "tug-of-war" between gravity and cosmic expansion in the universe. Is far greater than the effect of, which is why we do not see the cosmic expansion here, whereas if we take a closer look at distant galaxies, it becomes clear that these galaxies are so far away from us that gravity is so far away. The effect of dark energy is visible, which is why these galaxies seem to be moving away from us.
Scientists have just begun to unravel the mysteries of the universe and listen to the able scientists who come There is a green opportunity for them to reveal the hidden secrets of the universe to the world and play their part in the conquest of space. But at the same time the question arises whether scientists will ever be able to unveil the secrets of the universe.